WEEK 5(NETWORKING)

WHAT IS NETWORKING ??
- Computer networking is connecting a computer with other computers or other devices to enable them to communicate with each other such as 

· Computer devices/equipments 
· transmission media to send/control data/signals, 
· Communication devices to transmit/send data from sources to destinations 
· Software 

  Common examples of area network types are:

 (1) LAN - Local Area Network

 

  (2) WAN - Wide Area Network

 

(3) PAN - Personal Area Network

 

(4) MAN - Metropolitan Area Network

 

Next ,, Network components can be categories into 5. There are terminals, transmission media, network electronics, software and network architecture standards.

1.TERMINAL AND WORKSTATION:

Normally refers to data sources and destinations. Example: Personal computers, terminals, workstations, computers, Automatic teller machines (ATM)

2. TRANSMISSION MEDIA:

The physical media used to transmit data in a networked environment. It is also use to transmit signal and electrical pulse through a medium. 2 types of transmission media are bounded/guided and unbounded/unguided. Examples of bounded media are twisted pair wire, coaxial cable and fiber optic cables. Examples of unbounded are AM & FM radio, TV broadcasting, satellite communication, microwave radio, infrared signals

3. NETWORK ELECTRONIC:

 It is a devices that control data transmission from sources to destinations. It also act as interface between different transmission media or communication protocol. For examples: Bridges, concentrators, routers, Front End Processors, Private Branch, Switches Exchange (PBX), Hubs, Multiplexers, and Gateways.

4. SOFTWARE:

 At the nodes, it involves techniques and protocols. Functions of the software are measure the data transmits to the destination.

5. NETWORK ARCHITECTURE STANDARDS:

 Architecture is blueprint of standards for a network consisting of items such as choice of media, media interfaces, encoding methods, transmission protocols, routing protocols and so on. It is needed to ensure interoperability between various devices and equipment made by different vendors.

OTHERS INFORMATION::

(1) BRIDGES

      A Bridge does just what you would expect it to do - it joins two networks together so as far as data packets are concerned it looks like one large network.

 

(2) HUB

      The network 'Hub' allows computers to share data packets within a network.

 

Each computer will be connected to a single 'port' on the hub. So if you purchase an '8 port hub', you will be able to connect up to eight computers together.
You can also 'daisy chain' hubs to allow even more computers to join the network.
However there is a problem with doing this - see 'Switches' for more details.

 

(3) SWITCHES

      A switch has a number of ports and it stores the addresses of all devices that are directly or indirectly connected to it on each port. 

As a data packet comes into the switch, its destination address is examined and a direct connection is made between the two machines.

 

(4) END NODES

      Within a vast computer network, the individual computers on the periphery of the network, those that do not also connect other networks, and those that often connect transiently to one or more clouds are called end nodes. Typically, within the cloud computing construct, the individual user / customer computer that connects into one well-managed cloud is called an end node. Since these computers are a part of the network yet unmanaged by the cloud's host, they present significant risks to the entire cloud. This is called the End Nodes problem. There are several means to remedy this problem but all require instilling trust in the end node computer.

 

(5) ROUTERS

      A Router is a device that transfers data from one network to another in an intelligent way. It has the task of forwarding data packets to their destination by the most efficient route.

 

 

(6) BLUETOOTH

      Bluetooth is a proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-wavelength radio transmissions in the ISM band from 2400–2480 MHz) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area network (PANs) with high levels of security. It can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization. The devices can switch roles, by agreement, and the slave can become the master. At any given time, data can be transferred between the master and one other device.

 

(7) INFRA-RED

      This is a very familiar method of transferring data if you are at all aware of your remote control ! The television remote control makes use of an infra-red link. Personal organisers often make use of an infra-red link to synchronise calendars and 'to-do' lists.

 

Thats all guys !!!!! @_@ ...